Lesson 27: Pronouns

We have already learned the personal pronouns and the demonstrative pronouns. Here are the other kinds of Greek pronouns. All of these will be declined, just like all the other nouns and pronouns we have studied.

1- The relative pronoun, ὁς, who, which, that.

(Notice that each of these has a rough breathing mark, which will distinguish them from the definite article already learned.).

As we learned in out study of the other nouns and pronouns, a noun or pronoun agrees in gender, case and number with the word it is referring to. Please remember this VERY important rule during this lesson as well.

2- The interrogative pronoun τις, who?, what?

3- The indefinite pronoun, τις, τι, someone, something. (same as above, accept no accent marks are used in the printed Greek text).

4- The indefinite relative pronoun ὁστις, who. This pronoun occurs ONLY in the nominative case in the singular and plural.

5- The Reflexive pronouns.

First person, myself.

Second Person, yourself

Third Person, himself, herself, itself.

6- The reciprocal pronoun ἁλληλων, one another.

This occurs only in these three forms in the New Testament: ἁλληλων, ἁλληλοις, and ἁλληλους. In function it shows an interaction between two subjects. I.e., ἀγαπωμεν ἁλληλους, "let us love one another", etc.

7- The possessive pronouns.

First person, e0moj,

The second person is σος (masculine), ση (feminine), and σον (neuter). It is declined as the first person.

The third person is ἰδιος (masculine), ἰδια (feminine), and ἰδιον (neuter). It is also declined as the first person.

The plurals are ἡμετερος, -α, -ον for the first person, and ὑμετερος, -α, -ον for the second person.

8- The Negative Pronouns.

οὐδεις - no one; usually with the indicative mood.

μηδεις - usually with the other moods.

The negative pronoun occurs only in the singular, and both are easily recognized in every case, gender, and number.

ASSIGNMENT: Memorize the paradigms above for the pronouns and translate I John 1:5-10:

5 Καὶ ἔστιν αὕτη ἡ ἀγγελία ἣν ἀκηκόαμεν ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀναγγέλλομεν ὑμῖν, ὅτι ὁ θεὸς φῶς ἐστὶν καὶ σκοτία οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτῷ οὐδεμία.
6 Ἐὰν εἴπωμεν ὅτι κοινωνίαν ἔχομεν μετ’ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν τῷ σκότει περιπατῶμεν, ψευδόμεθα καὶ οὐ ποιοῦμεν τὴν ἀλήθειαν·
7 ἐὰν δὲ ἐν τῷ φωτὶ περιπατῶμεν ὡς αὐτὸς ἔστιν ἐν τῷ φωτί, κοινωνίαν ἔχομεν μετ’ ἀλλήλων καὶ τὸ αἷμα Ἰησοῦ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ καθαρίζει ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἁμαρτίας. 8 Ἐὰν εἴπωμεν ὅτι ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ ἔχομεν, ἑαυτοὺς πλανῶμεν καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἡμῖν.
9 ἐὰν ὁμολογῶμεν τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν, πιστός ἐστιν καὶ δίκαιος ἵνα ἀφῇ ἡμῖν τὰς ἁμαρτίας καὶ καθαρίσῃ ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀδικίας.
10 Ἐὰν εἴπωμεν ὅτι οὐχ ἡμαρτήκαμεν, ψεύστην ποιοῦμεν αὐτὸν καὶ ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἡμῖν.