Lesson 9: Present, Middle, Indicative
| αἱρω - I lift | δοξαζω - I glorify |
| ἀποστελλω - I send as an emissary | ἐσθιω - I eat |
| βαινω - I go | κρινω - I judge |
| καταβαινω - I go down | συναγω - I gather together |
| ἀναβαινω - I go up |
ASSIGNMENT: Memorize the vocabulary words above.
The present, middle, indicative is used to show that the subject is acting so as to participate in some way in the results of the action. This means that such verbs should be translated reflexively; i.e., o( a0nqrwpoj e0geiretai = the man is raising himself up.
Now, for the good news! The form of the present, middle, indicative is exactly the same as the present, passive, indicative.
So, the difference is function rather than form. The context of the passage will indicate whether the verb is middle or passive in function.
Since the student has already learned the form, the following table shows the function of the present, middle, indicative:
| λυομαι - I loose for myself | λυομεθα - we loose for ourselves |
| λυῃ - you loose for yourself | λυεσθε - you loose for yourselve |
| λυεται - he looses for himself | λυονται - they loose for themselves |
ASSIGNMENT: Translate the following sentences as present, middle, indicatives.
1. οἱ ἀνθρωποι λαμβανονται ἀρτον και καρπον
2. κρινεται ἐν τῃ παραβολῃ του προφητον
3. οἱ ὀχλοι ἐσθιουσιν (note the -ν on the end of this verb. This letter is called a moveable -ν and it occurs quite frequently on the end of the 3rd person plural verb) ἀρτον και ὁ μεσσιας δοξαζεται