Lesson 7: Prepositions

Vocabulary:

ἀνα - up, again
ἀντι - against, instead of
ἀπο - from, away from
δια - through, by (with genitive); because of (with accusative)
ἐκ - out of (before a word begining with a vowel = εχ)
ἐις - into, unto
ἐν - in, on (with locative); by (with instrumental)
ἐπι - upon, on, at (with genitive); over (with locative); up to (with accusative)
κατα - down from (with genitive); according to (with accusative)
μετα - with (with genitive); after (with accusative)
παρα - from (with genitive); beside (with locative); along (with accusative)
περι - about, concerning (with genitive); about, around (with accusative)
προ - before
προς - at (with locative); to (with accusative)
συν - with, together with
ὑπερ - over (with accusative)
ὑπο - by (agency) (with genitive); under (with accusative)

The first thing the student will notice is that some of the prepositions have different meanings when they occur with a particular case. These distincitions must be learned.

ASSIGNMENT: The vocabulary above must be memorized.

Prepositions are words that help nouns, verbs and adjectives express themselves clearly. Prepositions do not change in form, as do nouns, verbs and adjectives. The forms above are the forms that will always occur, with one small exception.

Prepositions ending with a vowel (except προ and περι) drop that vowel when the next word in the sentence begins with a vowel. For example:

ἀπο ἀδελφου becomes ἀπ ἀδελφου

δια ἡμερα becomes δι ἡμερα , etc.

Note: Prepositions have shades of meaning that are not indicated above. The translator must be sensitive to the context to translate them correctly, as well as make liberal use of the lexicon.

ASSIGNMENT: Translate the following sentences:

1. ὁ ἀποσtολος διδασκε ἐν τῃ ἐκκλεσιᾳ

2. ὁ μαθητης λεγει παραβολην περι της βασιλειας

3. ὁ μεσσιας λεγει παραβολην ἐν λογοις ἀληθειας

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